In conclusion we found out that all our tests worked. The tests were cut, cut/spray and spray. The most effective one was the spray. It was almost a one hundred present kill rate. So I think we should spray the entire bulrush at Kealia pond to get the most kill rate.

There are many varieties of bulrush plants. Bulrushes are tall leafless stems growing straight out of the water in large colonies. At the top of each bulrush stem there are clusters of seeds called spikelets. The color of these spikelets are rusty brown and can range from 2 to 15 millimeters in size. The most common bulrush found in Hawaii is the "great bulrush". This naturalized plant grows to the height of 1.5 to 2 meters. They grow in fresh water marsh areas and are also found in brackish water. The seeds of the bulrush plant are eaten by all types of animals including birds, ducks, and fish. The bulrush kills all the native plants by taking all the sun light and taking all the space. So bards can’t nest in the bulrush.

Kealia pond national wild life refuge is a place for native animals and plants like the Hawaiian stilt Ae'o and the Hawaiian coot Alae Ke'oke'o and other birds and animals not for invasive species like California bulrush. The bul rush kills all the native plants by taking all the sun light and taking all the space. So bards can’t nest in the bulrush. It is one of the few natural wetlands remaining in the Hawaiian Islands. Located along the south central coast of the island of Maui between the towns of Kihei and Ma'alaea, this is a 691-acre wetland.

Hawaiian Coot Alae Ke’oke’o white forehead. Prominent in Hawaii mythology this endangered species can be recognized by its white bill and frontal shield which contrast with its dark body. They inhabit shallow water close to cover, and feed on vegetation invertebrates and small fish.

Hawaiian stilt Ae’o one standing tall. The stilts Hawaiian name aptly describes this black-and white bird with its long slender pink legs. Stilts hunt for small fish and invertebrates at the outlets and in shallow open water and nests on mudflats close to water. Adults often feign injury to distract predators from their nests and young.